The Problem
In my refrigerator there is a wheel control that is used to change itstemperature. It is jammed to position 3 by use of a lolly stick. Why? Becausejust about every fourth or fifth time I put something in there (especially whenit is nearly full) the wheel is disturbed and the temperature setting ischanged.
I cannot for the life of me work out how this design flaw was passed in thefirst place. Surely, this problem came to light when the prototype was beingtested?
Another problem I have is with my car. The light in the dash that indicatesthe full beam is on is obscured by the steering wheel. No matter what position Ichange the steering wheel to, it still manages to obscure this important light.I am about average height but have to constantly crane over the steering wheelin order to find out if I am blinding other drivers. Once again, how did thispass the design test?
These are only two example – but we all know that there are many more.
Designers do not have an easy task. Depending on what they are asked todesign, they are required to match artistic license and flair withfunctionality. They are faced with many obstacles along the way. Here are someof them:
1. The Client
When a new design brief comes along, the designer is usually handicapped rightfrom the start. Whoever the client is, whether its the designer’s own boss or anexternal client, they will have pre-conceived ideas that the designer isexpected to accommodate. Straight away the designer needs to know how to playthe politics involved in getting out an original, workable piece whilst pleasingthe “wouldn’t it be great if” crew. A confident designer with a proventrack record can afford to demand some space from the client, or at least theopportunity to make some mistakes. A less confident designer may turn into nomore than a draughtsman, slavishly turning the client’s amateurish instructionsinto the dog’s dinner it will inevitably become.
2. The Critics
Most designs are a compromise between aesthetics and functionality.Constructive criticism is possible when dealing with functional aspects. Aestheticsare a different matter: beauty is in the eye of the beholder. A designer canhave the wind taken out of their sails at an early stage if someone says theythink their design is not pleasing to the eye (or just plain ugly!). Let’s justacknowledge the skill required to be a product designer. The rocket designer hasit easy: 100% functionality required. The artist also has it easy with 100% aesthetics.Our product designer has to have a foot in both worlds – and perhaps his fingersin his ears!
3. Production
Yes, but how will it work in production? Good question. Most products aredesigned to be re-produced in mass production. All designers will have this inmind from the start. There is no point in designing the perfect product thatcosts zillions to produce. The problem is that the production manager will soenjoy pointing this out at every opportunity – great design – impossible tomake. A good retort of course, is to state the reverse which is equallytrue: there is no point in designing the perfect production-friendly product ifthe end users don’t like it: great production product – impossible to use.
4. Time
I have a sneaky feeling that this is the most common problem of all. Mostsituations require deadlines. Well the average client is hardly likely to say:”I want this product at some time in the future – whenever you can getaround to it”. Most new product launches are project-managed, with thedesigner always – I mean ALWAYS – allocated insufficient time. As time is alinear phenomenon, the corners that tend to be cut fall in the latter stages.This rather obvious statement is made in order explain why prototype testing andcustomer satisfaction measurements tend to be squeezed the most. Several weeksor months may have originally been put aside for these vital aspects when inreality two or three afternoons of prototype testing are all that separate aworking model from the finished product.
5. Events
While you are designing your new product, the world around you is changing.Customers’ purchasing habits are changing. The factories that might make yourproducts are being upgraded. New legislation is being planned. New materials arenow available. And, of course, competitors are bringing out new products anddoing a great job in moving your goalposts. If only the world could stop whileyou perfect your design…
The Solution
The product design function comes in all shapes and sizes. Small companiesmay employ just one part time designer who often will be the business owner. Ipersonally think that the make up of the design function is the most vital part.Large companies may have an in-house design team – that is fine.
The rest shouldalso consider having a design team rather than leaving it up to one person, evenif outside resource is brought in to bolster the function for the lifetime of aspecific project. It is common for companies, large and small, to pull inoutside resource from a design agency – sometimes they will be given the fullbrief. If resources are scarce and only one designer can be afforded, I wouldrather have two part-time designers (perhaps seconded from other duties for partof the week) then one full-time. The reason for this is the need to be twothings at once:?focussed on tunnel vision creativity and focussed onoutside pressures and influences.
The ideal ingredients of the design team are the following:
- Outer function
- Moderating function
- Inner function
Ideally the designers will all be qualified professionals. As well as havingtheir own fields of design expertise that they will bring to the team, they willalso fall into one of the above three camps. The outer function will deal withexternal pressures: they will be more experienced and will be given the task ofdealing with demands made by the client or the boss. They will fight forresources, including precious time for the team. They will defend the teamsdecisions. They will also keep a watching brief on changes in materials, trends,legislation and competitor activity. They will work closely with the productionteam. They will act as a filter, feeding back to the design team onlyinformation and requirements that are needed. Let’s say the client insists on aparticular design feature and the external function see merits in this, or -let’s get real – are told to include the feature or else. This can then becommunicated back to the team as a bona fide decision that must be adhered to.Other tittle-tattle can be discarded.
The inner function will need to consist of free-thinkers who are given timeand space to produce innovative ideas. They need to possess innovative thoughtprocesses and an open mind. They will be protected from outside interference asmuch as possible. Their ideas will be taken up by the moderator function whichwill feed back to them, moderating their expectations in line with outsiderealities whilst giving them encouragement.
The moderating function will work with the inner function, turning theirideas into workable solutions. They will also do the same with the informationand decisions that come in from the outer function. The moderating function willnot necessarily have the free-thinking attributes of the inner function, butwill not be bogged down in having to deal with the external contacts. They willbe the end-designers. They will turn the ideas fed from both the inner functionand moderate these with the demands from the outer function and come up with thedesign.
The whole team will need to feedback on the aesthetic elements, as the widestpossible poll of these aspects would be required.
This is not design by committee. This is a team of people who must be joinedto each other at the hip. They will be expected to argue their corner but willalso compliment each other, giving way to each other’s strengths and be preparedto give in when the time comes. The team will become one entity and not a groupof individuals – not a committee.
I can only imagine that there were some on the design team of my refrigeratorand car who were aware of the design faults I have highlighted. I am sure thatif their design teams had been structured the way I have suggested above Iwouldn’t have a lolly stick in my temperature control and would not have to bein fear of causing a pile up on the motorway.
Insectocutor is a good case study where product design has moved over theyears from purely functional to a balance between function and aesthetics. Theirfly killer machines have traditionally been built for food factories andout-of-sight kitchens. In the last few years they have recognised that there isan increasing trend to have fly killers in front-of-house areas such as retailshop floors and open kitchens. They have also seen an increase in the use of flykillers in domestic homes. As such, the Discreet Series and Select Series havebeen developed. These are kind to the eye whilst still doing an excellent job ofdealing with flying insects. Their most powerful machine is a marriage of bothaesthetics and functionality. The IND61 can kill flying insects within a 500 sqmetre area and looks majestic as it guards us from up on high. Insectocutor havethe perfect design team – where do you think I got my ideas from!
Please have a look at the Insectocutor flykillers at the Arkay Hygiene web site. Here is the mighty IND61Electric Fly Killer machine.